Dachshund | Overview, Description, Temperament, & Facts (2024)

breed of dog

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  • dachshund - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11)
  • dachshund - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)

Also known as: Doxie, sausage dog, wiener dog

Written by

Caroline Coile Caroline Coile is the author of the Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds and more than 30 other books.

Caroline Coile

Fact-checked by

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last Updated: Article History

smooth-coated Dachshund

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German:
“badger dog”
Related Topics:
hound
On the Web:
WebMD - What to Know About Dachshunds (July 30, 2024)

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Dachshund, dog breed of hound and terrier ancestry developed in Germany to pursue badgers into their burrows. The Dachshund is a long-bodied, characteristically lively dog with a deep chest, short legs, tapering muzzle, and long ears. Usually reddish brown or black-and-tan, it is bred in two sizes—standard and miniature—and in three coat types—smooth, longhaired, and wirehaired. The standard Dachshund stands about 8 to 9 inches (20 to 23 cm) tall at the withers and weighs 16 to 32 pounds (7 to 14.5 kg). The miniature is shorter and weighs no more than 11 pounds (5 kg).

Dachshund breed facts
other names Doxie, Wiener dog, Sausage dog
area of origin Germany
breed group hound
height at withers miniature: 5–6 inches (13–15 cm); standard: 8–9 inches (20–23 cm)
weight miniature: up to 11 pounds (5 kg); standard: 16–32 pounds (7–15 kg)
life span 12–16 years
Did you know? The word Dachshund means “badger dog” in German; the dog was originally bred to hunt that animal. According to some accounts, one of the original names for the sausage known as a hot dog was “Dachshund sausage” because of its resemblance to the long, low-slung canines. Dachshunds have been the prized pets of Andy Warhol, Queen Victoria, and Joan Crawford. Pablo Picasso was particularly fond of a Dachshund named Lump, who appears in his reinterpretations of Diego Velázquez’s Las meninas.

Care and upkeep

The Dachshund requires a chance to run, sniff, and investigate daily, preferably in a fenced yard supplemented with leash walks. A miniature longhair variety is perhaps better suited for apartment living—as long as daily walks are included—but other miniature varieties might also do well in that environment. Because of its independent nature and tendency to follow scent trails, a Dachshund should not be let off leash in unfenced areas. Dachshunds enjoy a variety of games, including chasing (but not necessarily returning) balls. They especially love sports that test a dog’s hunting abilities, such as the barn hunt. In addition, many enjoy racing events such as “wiener dog” competitions.

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Coat care for the smooth variety requires only occasional brushing to remove dead hair. The longhair variety should be combed once or twice weekly. The wirehaired coat needs the most care, with weekly combing and occasional stripping (pulling dead hair out by hand).

The Dachshund is prone to intervertebral disk disease (IVDD), a condition in which the cushioning disks between the vertebrae bulge or burst, resulting in pain and even paralysis. In the early 21st century, researchers found a genetic component to IVDD. A mutation in short-legged dogs causes the disks to harden, which can eventually result in herniated disks. Almost all Dachshunds are hom*ozygous for the responsible genes, rendering them at risk for IVDD. It is as yet unknown why some develop it and others do not. However, as a precaution, Dachshunds should avoid movements that place stress on the back. In particular, they should not jump on or off furniture or run up or down stairs. Sideways or twisting torque of the spinal column should also be limited. Furthermore, preventing obesity is important, and Dachshunds should have active lives.

Temperament

The Dachshund was bred to confront badgers in an enclosed space underground. As such, it can be fearless, relentless, and even reckless—more terrier-like in disposition than hound-like. However, its hound heritage entices it to follow animal scent trails when it comes across them, and it may ignore pleas to return. This is an independent breed that enjoys challenges. It is energetic and fairly playful. Given sufficient exercise, Dachshunds can be quiet house dogs and sofa companions. At times stubborn, the breed can be difficult to train, but it responds well to rewards. It is generally not trustworthy around small rodent pets. While affectionate toward its family, a Dachshund tends to be aloof with strangers. It is an excellent watchdog and often attempts to be a protection dog, but its size makes the latter endeavour only partially successful. Some may bark a great deal. The Dachshund is an excellent companion for people of all ages but may not be welcoming to visitors and unfamiliar children.

There are exceptions to this general description. The wirehaired variety tends to be even more terrier-like—that is, more brash and feisty. The longhaired variety is generally less terrier-like and is considered more docile and affectionate. Miniatures are more likely to be timid, although that is still uncommon.

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It should be noted that these claims are a traditional and widely accepted generalization about the breed, and the behaviour of individual Dachshunds may differ.

Caroline Coile The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Dachshund | Overview, Description, Temperament, & Facts (2024)

FAQs

Dachshund | Overview, Description, Temperament, & Facts? ›

Given sufficient exercise, Dachshunds can be quiet house dogs and sofa companions. At times stubborn, the breed can be difficult to train, but it responds well to rewards. It is generally not trustworthy around small rodent pets. While affectionate toward its family, a Dachshund tends to be aloof with strangers.

What is the behavior and temperament of a Dachshund? ›

Dachshunds are generally even-tempered and affectionate, which combined with their smaller size makes them an ideal companion for children. However, they can be vocal and snappy if play gets too boisterous so they're usually better suited to slightly older children.

What is the description of a Dachshund? ›

The famously long, low silhouette, ever-alert expression, and bold, vivacious personality of the Dachshund have made him a superstar of the canine kingdom. Dachshunds come in two sizes and in three coat types of various colors and patterns.

What do Dachshunds love the most? ›

In fact, the Doxie loves to run! Dachshunds also enjoy digging (remember the big paws!), so play that incorporates his need to dig is excellent for the Dachshund! Always remember that the Doxie likes to be the center of attention, and they crave praise for a job well done!

What is the breed standard temperament of a Dachshund? ›

Temperament: The Dachshund is clever, lively and courageous to the point of rashness, persevering in above- and below-ground work, with all the senses well-developed. Any display of shyness is a serious fault.

What are the behavior problems of Dachshunds? ›

They are less outgoing/friendly (and just under half are aggressive with other dogs, at least sometimes) They suffer more from Separation Anxiety. They are more nervous and fearful of people (and 1 in 4 are aggressive with people, at least sometimes) They are more destructive.

Are Dachshunds high maintenance? ›

Due to their small stature, the Dachshunds are often considered one of the most low-maintenance dog breeds you can wish for. There is not much shedding to worry about, weekly grooming sessions are plenty and you can get away with moderate exercise as their tiny frame isn't made to sustain much running and jumping.

What is an interesting fact about Dachshunds? ›

In fact, the oldest dachshund was a pooch from New York who lived until the ripe old age of 21. They're the smallest hunting breed As their name suggests, dachshunds have been bred for hunting, making them every inch as important as larger working breeds such as pointers, springers, Labradors and other bigger dogs.

What is the life expectancy of a Dachshund? ›

Doxies come in two sizes: standard or miniature, and three coat varieties: smooth, wirehaired, and longhaired. Dachshunds are protective and territorial, but they thrive on close human companionship. The Dachshund is a generally healthy breed with an average lifespan of 12-15 years.

Do Dachshunds bark a lot? ›

Learn how to quiet them here. Dachshunds were bred to be hunting dogs, and like all hunting dogs, they tend to bark. Their bark can be loud, especially considering their small size. Many Dachshunds are sensitive to changes in their environments, which increases the likelihood of excessive barking.

What not to do with a Dachshund? ›

Dachshunds are not built for extensive running, jumping, or swimming, but these determined pups are willing to do it all. To help keep your Dachshund's back healthy and prevent injuries, try to limit their jumping by installing pet stairs or ramps near furniture and beds.

Do dachshunds get attached to one person? ›

Do Dachshunds get attached to one person? Dachshunds are a loyal breed and will often attach themselves intensely to one person, this is usually the person who feeds them or spends the most time with them.

Do dachshunds like to cuddle? ›

Do Dachshunds like to cuddle? Loyal to their owners, Dachshunds love to snuggle up to their owners. They are also very protective of their owners, so don't be surprised if they end up following you around the house.

What personality traits do Dachshunds have? ›

Dachshunds are lively, playful, and clever. They have a reputation for being on the stubborn side, too. Fiercely loyal, this popular breed often bonds very closely with just one person and can get jealous easily and become lonely if not given enough attention by the object of their affection.

What is the intelligence of a Dachshund? ›

How smart are dachshunds compared to the smartest dogs? Thanks to Coren's book, we know that dachshunds rank #92 on the list of smartest dog breeds and are considered to have an “average intelligence”.

What type of Dachshund is the calmest? ›

Said to be calmer than either the Smooth or the Wire haired varieties, the Long Haired Dachshund still retains the independent and sometimes seemingly obstinate nature of the breed, but is also known for being loyal and good-tempered.

Do Dachshunds like to cuddle? ›

Dachshunds are very loyal and affectionate, meaning they love to cuddle on the couch, sleep in the same bed as their owner, and follow their owner around the house.

Are Dachshunds emotional dogs? ›

They adore being close to their humans and will always be nearby for a snuggle. Their propensity for affection makes them brilliant emotional support animals and great service animals for those with psychiatric disabilities like anxiety and depression.

What are the desirable traits of a Dachshund? ›

Dachshunds are friendly and affectionate companions to family members. If trained well, they can be good with kids — though all dogs should be supervised with young children who have no experience around dogs. Breed aficionados believe that each type of Dachshund has its own set of unique personality traits.

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